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Mesothelioma and Asbestos

Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral that comes in long, thin fibres. People who are exposed to asbestos may develop lung diseases, such as mesothelioma.

It may take decades for symptoms to show up after asbestos exposure. Different asbestos types may cause different symptoms.

Pleural Mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma occurs in the lung's outer lining also known as the pleura. It is the most common form of mesothelioma and accounts for 70% to 79% of diagnosed cases. This condition causes chest pain, breath shortness, and a feeling of heaviness.

This kind of cancer is typically caused by exposure to asbestos, which is a cluster of minerals that are made up of microscopic fibres. These fibers, when inhaled can cause irritation and DNA mutations. The pleura surrounds the lungs and chest cavity and therefore, these irritations could affect both the lungs and a person's heart. Mesothelioma is usually not symptomatic until 30 to 50 year after exposure.

Shortness of breath and chest pain are the most frequently reported symptoms. Patients may also suffer from chest tightness and coughing, or breathing difficulties. Patients with this type of cancer typically have previous exposure to asbestos legal in the workplace. The most prevalent jobs that expose workers to the risk of developing pleural mesothelioma are construction, manufacturing and shipbuilding. Individuals who have served in the military are at greater risk due the extensive use asbestos in Navy vessels and bunkers in the Army.

The most popular staging system for pleural mesothelioma is the TNM (tumor, lymph nodes and metastases) staging system. The stage a patient is in when they are diagnosed will assist their doctor in determining the best treatment plan for them. Patients who have pleural mesothelioma which is in stage three or four will suffer a more negative outlook than those in a lower stage. Stage four mesothelioma often spreads to the diaphragm, the liver or even a person's heart. This makes it more difficult to treat and increases the risk of complications for the patient.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma

Contrary to pleural cancer which is found in the lining of the lung the peritoneal cancer is a result of the membrane that covers the abdominal cavity, which includes organs such as the intestines and liver. As with pleural mesothelioma asbestos exposure is the cause of peritoneal msothelioma. The disease is less prevalent than pleural mesothelioma. There are only about 300-500 cases diagnosed each year.

As with pleural asbestosis symptoms can take a long time to manifest. Patients generally have abdominal pain, and may also have a lump in their abdomen. This type of mesothelioma may also cause nausea, weight loss and fever. A lot of these symptoms are similar to those experienced by gastrointestinal issues, which can result in incorrect diagnosis.

Typically, doctors can identify mesothelioma after an exhaustive medical history and physical exam. Imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans can be used to identify mesothelioma. These tests can identify tumors and other cancer signs that aren't evident on X-rays.

These test results enable doctors to diagnose mesothelioma and determine the stage. They can also suggest treatment options. The stage is determined by the type of cell as well as whether the cancer has spread.

The most important risk factor for mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos legal. People who have been in occupations that involve asbestos, like plumbing electrical work, manufacturing or construction, are at greater risk of developing the disease. Even if they aren't employed in these fields they may be exposed to asbestos through family members or other sources. For this reason, anyone who suspects they may be at risk should talk to an experienced doctor. If they have a history of asbestos exposure or mesothelioma, a specialist can assist them in learning more about the risk.

Risk Factors

Asbestos is the main risk factor in mesothelioma. It is responsible for as much as 80% of all cases. Exposure to asbestos may occur through work, military service or by living with a person who works with asbestos law or has previously done such. When exposed to asbestos, small particles can be breathed into the lungs and abdomen. The particles cause irritation to the linings of the lungs, causing cancerous cells to grow in the mesothelium. Mesothelioma may take between 15 and 60 years to develop after exposure to asbestos.

Other risk factors include smoking, genetics and age. People in their 40s and 50s are more likely be diagnosed with mesothelioma compared to those who are younger or older. This is because mesothelioma usually occurs between 20 and 60 years from the first exposure before symptoms of cancer begin to manifest. It is important to remember that mesothelioma may develop in people who have been exposed to asbestos, but without having been directly exposed to it. This is known as secondary or indirect exposure to asbestos compensation and it is just as harmful as direct exposure.

Smoking increases the chance of mesothelioma developing, as it damages the mesothelium. It can also make it more vulnerable. Mesothelioma can also be aggravated by certain diseases, such as asbestosis and pneumonia. It is also important to remember that mesothelioma is more common in men than women. Men are more likely than women to have been exposed to asbestos for longer periods of time and to have worked with it. Men are also more likely to have lived with someone who has worked with asbestos, and to carry asbestos fibers on their clothing. Women tend to have less exposure to asbestos and don't typically carry asbestos compensation home on their clothes.

Diagnosis

Mesothelioma is a difficult cancer to identify because the symptoms often resemble other conditions. This can result in patients being incorrectly diagnosed.

NYU Langone doctors will perform an examination of the body and document the patient's medical background, including asbestos exposure. Doctors can also order an X-ray of the chest or CT scan to check for lumps or other abnormalities, as well as evidence of asbestos exposure in the past like plaques on the pleura (thickened pleura with calcium deposits) and the accumulation of fluid between the lung and chest wall (known as the pleural effusion).

Other diagnostic tests include a magnetic resonance image or MRI test, which makes use of magnets and radio waves to create a series of detailed images of inside the body. Another way doctors can diagnose mesothelioma is by performing the procedure of a surgical biopsy. In a surgical biopsy doctors take a tiny piece of tissue from pleura or the peritoneum, to be tested further. A pathologist can examine the tissue under a microscope to see if it is contaminated with cancerous cells.

The type of mesothelial cells involved and the benign or malignant nature of those cells as well as the location, type and stage of the tumour, are used to categorize the disease. Certain types of mesothelioma are at a higher risk of metastasizing or spreading and it's crucial to get a definitive diagnosis so doctors can treat it before it gets out of control.

Doctors can also run laboratory tests on tumors to determine particular proteins, genes, or other factors which can help them identify the characteristics of cancer and plan treatment. These results are called staging.

Treatment

A diagnosis of mesothelioma may be terrifying. It is important to remember, however, that cancer can be treated, particularly in its early stages. Many people with mesothelioma live for a long time with the disease, without spreading to other parts of their body.

Exposure to asbestos can cause mesothelioma by various mechanisms. asbestos legal fibers, which are too small to see or feel with the naked eye, can become airborne and irritate the lung's lining (pleura). In time, the irritation leads to the formation of scar tissue and eventually tumors.

The Pleura is a protective layer that protects the abdomen, heart, and lungs. Mesothelium is made up of cells that react to asbestos and cause it to enflame and form scar tissue. Overtime, these changes result in the growth of malignant mesothelioma cancers.

The symptoms of pleural mesothelioma are breathlessness, chest pain or an accumulation of fluid on the lungs (pleural effusion). In rare instances, cancer can spread into the tissues around the reproductive organs as well as the heart.

If scans of imaging reveal an underlying mass in the stomach or lungs, a doctor will order biopsies. During the procedure, doctors remove tiny amounts of fluid or tumor for laboratory testing. The results will confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma and indicate the best treatment option.

There are a variety of treatment for mesothelioma, such as chemotherapy and surgery. Most doctors utilize the combination of these treatments. Enrolling in clinical trials of new mesothelioma treatment may also be beneficial for patients. Patients can find out more by speaking with a mesothelioma doctor who has treated the condition.

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