Shanebrook, Robert L. (2016). Making Kodak Film (Expanded second ed.). Johnson, Samuel; Walker, John; Jameson, Robert S. (1828). A dictionary of the English language. Williams, Marc; Reddy, Gunda; Quinn, Michael; Johnson, Mark S. (20 May 2015). Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern | ScienceDirect. Eckert, Ralph (May 8, 2015). The Sport of Pool Billiards 1: Techniques and Training Based on PAT Part 1 (ebook). April 13, 2015. A newer version of this source is available: 2022 ed. Durability of finish, complexities of "multiple stage" modern finishes, and other factors including environmental regulation led manufacturers to choose newer technologies. The crucial advantage cellulose triacetate had over nitrate was that it was no more of a fire risk than paper (the stock is often referred to as "non-flam": this is true-but it is combustible, just not in as volatile or as dangerous a way as nitrate), while it almost matched the cost and durability of nitrate. 1803. I.A. Retrieved 10 October 2021. See Wikipedia page "1914 Lubin vault fire". That tragedy claimed 123 lives during the fire and additional fatalities several days later, when hospitalized victims died due to inhaling excessive amounts of smoke from the burning film, which was laced with toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen cyanide.

Related fires in other medical facilities prompted the growing disuse of nitrocellulose stock for X-rays by 1933, nearly two decades before its use was discontinued for motion-picture films in favour of cellulose acetate film, more commonly known as "safety film". Decades later, storage at low temperatures was discovered as a means of delaying these reactions indefinitely. Another potential consequence of a scratch is being restricted to positioning the cue ball "behind the head string." The head string is an imaginary line dividing the table, and being behind it means that the cue ball must be placed or shot from the specific area nearest the end where the game began. It remained in almost exclusive use in all film gauges until the 1980s, when polyester/PET film began to supersede it for intermediate and release printing. The film was also used for many years in the field of medicine, where its hazardous nature was most acute, especially in its application to X-ray photography. It fell out of favor for mass production use for a number of reasons including environmental regulation and the cost of application vs.

It remained the favorite of hobbyists for both historical reasons and for the ease with which a professional finish can be obtained. This is not common practice for most professional tournaments. For one, these lights are not as energy efficient. Keep in mind that single-shade lights tend to be heaver due to the weight of the shade unit and therefore require proper support and installation equipment, what is billiards including sufficient chain length and ceiling housing. Keep in mind that CFL bulbs usually take longer to warm up to full brightness. If all goes according to plan, I’ll keep chalking my cue until somebody breaks. Also, polyester film is so strong, it will not break under tension and may cause serious damage to expensive camera or projector mechanisms in the event of a film jam, whereas triacetate film breaks easily, reducing the risk of damage. Triacetate remains in use for most camera negative stocks because it can be "invisibly" spliced using solvents during negative assembly, while polyester film is usually spliced using adhesive tape patches, which leave visible marks in the frame area.

This is typically done with a heavy-duty wood frame and large legs. Because of this, it is possible for a game to end with only one of the players having shot, which is known as "running the table" or a "denial"; conversely, it's also possible to win a game without taking a shot; such a scenario may occur if the opposing player illegally pockets the 8 ball on any shot other than the break (such as sinking the 8 ball in an uncalled pocket, knocking the 8 ball off the table, sinking the 8 ball when a player is not yet on the black ball, or sinking both the 8 ball and the cue ball off a single shot). This kind of narrows your options down, so if you're having trouble running the game with your GPU there's a plain and functional toon shaded codepath that you can try but you'll miss out on the fancy shading. As you can probably imagine, slate tables are very heavy. A decent slate table will cost somewhere between $1,800 and $3,000 brand new.